Romanesque Architecture
1. What is the origin of the term "Romanesque"?
2. When referring to Romanesque architecture, what factors limit the scope of reference?
3. What were some of the elements from which Romanesque architecture evolved?
4. Explain some of the factors responsible for the enormous building campaigns of the Romanesque.
5. What was a pilgrimage route?
6. What is a relic? What does "venerate" mean?
7. Santiago de Compostela houses the relics of which saint?
8. Explain the significance of the Battle of Lupui in 732 A.D.
9. Who was the "infidel"?
10. Know the main parts of a Romanesque church (by floorplan)
11. What's the difference between a Latin cross and a Greek cross?
12. Know the difference between barrel, groin, sexparte and quadrant vaulting.
13. Be able to define: transverse rib, clerestory, corbel, rib, bay, vault, triforium, boss, blind arcade, façade, webbing, lantern, compound pier, engaged column, pilaster , campanile and westwerk.
14. What is a hall church? Why is it different from other churches?
15. What were the two main purposes of the creation of masonry vaulting?
16. What is the difference between a rounded and a pointed arch?
17. What is a screen façade? What is it similar to architecturally?
18. What was the decorative emphasis of the church of St. Etienne at Caen?
19. Why is Durham Cathedral considered to be a stylistic hybrid?
20. What are the very English elements of Durham, and what is their origin?
21. Explain, generally, what the basic differences are in Romanesque and Gothic churches?
22. What were the defining elements of the church at Speyer?
23. Explain what a striated effect in marble looks like, and where we have seen it.
24. Which cathedral has more towers than any other in Europe?
25. Where did the concept of twin towers on a façade originate?
26. What was the spiritual connotation of the tower?
27. Which church complex is considered to be the pinnacle of the Tuscan Romanesque style?
28. Why does the leaning tower of Pisa lean?
29. What is notable about the interior décor of the Pisa cathedral?
Romanesque Painting and Sculpture
1. Where do we find the earliest examples of the revival of monumental sculpture in the Romanesque period?
2. Early Romanesque sculpture recalls forms of which ancient culture?
3. Know the elements of the Romanesque portal.
4. Romanesque sculptural forms are a clear evolution of figure styles from what two other earlier periods?
5. What is the theme of most images from the Romanesque tympanum? Why is this appropriate?
6. What is the "weighing of the souls?
7. Who was Gislebertus?
8. What were the Crusades? When did they begin?
9. How did the Crusades influence Romanesque art?
10. What is the milling of flour an analogy for?
11. What was the "Flight Into Egypt" capital based on (story)?
12. What was a mystery play?
13. What was the overall intended function of Romanesque sculpture and painting?
14. Describe the Capital of the Sleeping Magi from the Church at St. Lazare.
15. What do images from the "incarnation" refer to? What do images from the "passion" refer to? What do "Maryan" images refer to? Eucharistic?
16. What does the figure of one with his back to us represent?
17. How is Romanesque manuscript illumination differ from earlier Christian manuscripts?
18. What was the Bayeux Tapestry? Why was it commissioned? What does it reveal to us?
19. Monumental Romanesque wall painting came from what earlier culture?
20. Why did some churches choose wall painting over mosaic decoration?
21. Describe some of the typical stylistic attributes of Romanesque wall painting.
22. What was the Stavelot Triptych?
23. What was the Klosterneuburg Altarpiece and what are some of its notable characteristics?