Early Renaissance Sculpture and Architecture

1. Why was the Duke of Milan unable to completely conquer Italy in 1400 A.D.?
2. What weapons did Florence use to defend itself against the Duke?
3. What three men are credited with spearheading the birth of the Renaissance movement?
4. How did the role of the artist change with the advent of renaissance ideas?
5. What two basic personality types of artists emerged?
6. Explain and give an example of the "classical appropriation" of the renaissance.
7. What was the first statue since antiquity to fully recapture the meaning of contrapposto, and who made it?
8. Explain Donatello's " schiacciato." (technique and effect).
9. How can a sculpture "engage the viewer"?
10. What is significant about Donatello's image of the prophet Zuccone?
11. Define orthogonal, transversals and vanishing point.
12. Explain Brunelleschi's development of scientific perspective? Why did he invent it? What impact did it have?
13. What was one of the main problems that the early practitioners of perspective dealt with?
14. Discuss the stylistic attributes and symbolism of Donatello's "David"
15. Explain how Donatello's Equestrian Monument of Gattamelata is different from its classical progenitor. How is it similar? What was it derived from?
16. Describe Donatello's later style, as seen in his "Penitent Magdalene."
17. Identify Lorenzo Ghiberti, and explain his significance in the history of art.
18. Which competition launched the career of Fillipo Brunelleschi? What was significant about his entry?
19. How is Brunelleschi's interior of the church of S. Lorenzo in Florence different from its gothic predecessors?
20. What did Brunelleschi tend to use as a "standard system of measurement"? Where had this concept been seen earlier and in what way?