Carolingian and Ottonian Art

1. 1. Who was Charlemagne? What impact did he have on the development of Christian art?
2. Where does the term "Carolingian" originate?
3. What is the significance of Aachen, Germany?
4. What was Charlemagne’s ultimate goal with his reign as Emperor?
5. What is a "westwork" (westwerk - Gr.) and what is its function?
6. What elements do the interior of Charlemagne’s palace have in common with the church of San Vitale?
7. What is the difference between a congregational church and a shrine church?
8. What was the main purpose of building the monastery at St. Gall? Describe it.
9. What do the Evangelist pages from the Gospel Book of Charlemagne betray about Charlemagne’s goals for his empire? What do they reveal about the struggles of the illuminators?
10. Describe stylistically the illustrations of the Psalms from the Utrecht Psalter.
11. Describe the Lindau Gospels Book Cover. What is significant about the depiction of the crucifixion?
12. What are the symbols of the four Evangelists?
13. What happened to the Roman Empire after Charlemagne’s death?
14. Describe the stylistic innovations of the Gero crucifix. What is its country of origin? What is "Byzantine" about it?
15. Who is considered to be the greatest of the Saxon Kings?
16. What were some of the innovations of the church of San Richier (Riquier)?
17. What is the most notable aspect of the décor of the interior of the Church of St. Michael’s at Hildesheim?
18. Describe the stylistic attributes of the panels from the set of bronze doors commissioned by Bishop Bernward.
19. What are some of the stylistic attributes of the illuminations from the Gospel Book of Otto III?
20. Describe Spain’s approach to manuscript illumination in the 8th century, as exampled in the illumination of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse from the Commentaries by Beatus of Liebana.
21. In the ivory depicting Moses receiving the Law, we see a trend that began with the rise of Christianity and continued on to the renaissance. What is it?